Type: | Article | |
Title: | Experiences of a virtual think tank. New ways of working, knowledge development and Virtual Reality events | PDF Article |
Authors: | Vitalija Danivska, Wouter Van Tankeren | |
On-line: | 30-December-2022 | |
Metrics: | Applied Business: Issues & Solutions 2(2022)10-17 – ISSN 2783-6967. | |
DOI: | 10.57005/ab.2022.2.2 | |
| ||
Abstract. | Virtual Reality (VR) as a paradigm for casual communication and socialising is seeing increasingly high adoption rates, but since the pandemic it also sees consideration as an alternative environment for (remote) knowledge work. This study explores VR as it relates to knowledge de- velopment at scale (i.e., conferences/events), to identify barriers for adoption. The study consists of observations of a series of VR and videoconferencing events, interviews with organisers and partici- pants, and a survey of participants. Elements of Extended Adaptive Structuration Theory were used to examine results, focusing on technological, social, and performance dimensions. Results show no clear technological obstructions for events’ outcome quality compared to conven- tional forms of remote collaboration. VR provides practical advantages involving non-verbal com- munication and immersion/presence over conventional alternatives, but lacks in other aspects (e.g., facial expressions). Organisers are still learning to work around the practical limitations of VR. Issues raised primarily relate to technology habituation, or to social interactions and the cultural coordination gaps stemming from a lack of (communication) agreements. Emphasising the advantages of VR while further developing technologies and thoughtful social conventions to alleviate the objections will further open the door to VR as a viable alternative for remote work. | |
| ||
JEL: | E24, F20, F21. | |
Keywords: | virtual collaboration; knowledge work; virtual reality; VR; virtual events; remote work. | |
| ||
Citation: | Vitalija Danivska, Wouter Van Tankeren (2022) Experiences of a virtual think tank. New ways of working, knowledge development and Virtual Reality events. – Applied Business: Issues & Solutions 2(2022)10–17 – ISSN 2783-6967. | |
https://doi.org/10.57005/ab.2022.2.2 | ||
| ||
References. |
1. European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (2020) Working and learning remotely in Europe: the new normal? - https://www.cedefop.europa.eu/en/news/working-and-learning-remotely-europe-new-normal, accessed 20 March 2022. 2. Babapour Chafi, M.; Hultberg, A.; Bozic Yams, N. (2021) Post-Pandemic Office Work: Perceived Challenges and Opportunities for a Sustainable Work Environment - Sustainability 14(1) (2021) 294 - https://doi.org/10.3390/su14010294 3. Charalampous, M.; Grant, C. A.; Tramontano, C.; Michailidis, E. (2019) Systematically reviewing remote e-workers’ well-being at work: a multidi- mensional approach - European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology 28(1) (2019) 51-73 - https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1541886 4. Leesman (2021) Measure remote working - https://www.leesmanindex.com/measure-remote-working/, accessed 20 March 2022. 5. Rothe, P. (2021) Change catalysts - https://www.leesmanindex.com/changes-turn-and-face-the-strange, accessed 20 March 2022. 6. Barrero, J. M.; Bloom, N.; Davis, S. J. (2021) Why working from home will stick, working paper [28731] - National Bureau of Economic Research Cambridge, MA, April 2021. - https://doi.org/10.3386/w28731 7. Johnson, B. J.; Mabry, J. B. (2022) Remote work video meetings: Workers’ emotional exhaustion and practices for greater well-being - German Journal of Human Resource Management 36(3) (2022) 380–408 - https://doi.org/10.1177/23970022221094532 8. Fauville, G.; Luo, M.; Quiroz, A. C. M.; Bailenson, J. N.; Hancock, J. (2021) Zoom Exhaustion & Fatigue Scale - Computers in Human Behaviour Reports 4 (2021) 100119 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2021.100119 9. Williams, N. (2021) Working through COVID-19: Zoom gloom and Zoom fatigue - Occupational Medicine Apr9 (2021) kqab041 - https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab041. 10. Yang, L.; Holtz, D.; Jaffe, S.; Suri., S.; Sinha, S.; Weston, J.; Joyce, C.; Shah, N.; Sherman, K.; Hecht, B.; Teevan, J. (2022) The effects of remote work on collaboration among information workers - Nature Human Behaviour 6 (2022) 43–54. - https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-021-01196-4 11. Wang, B.; Liu, Y.; Qian, J.; Parker, S.K. (2021) Achieving Effective Remote Working During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Work Design Perspective - Applied Psychology 70 (2021) 16-59 - https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12290 12. Bennett, A. A.; Campion, E. D.; Keeler, K. R.; Keener, S. K. (2021) Videoconference Fatigue? Exploring Changes in Fatigue After Videoconference Meetings During COVID-19 - Journal of Applied Psychology 106(3) (2021) 330–344 - https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000906 13. Orel, M. (2022) Collaboration Potential in Virtual Reality (VR) Office Space. Transforming the Workplace of Tomorrow - Springer Briefs in Business (2022). 14. Urbancova? H. (2013) Competitive Advantage Achievement through Innovation and Knowledge - Journal of Competitiveness 5 (1) (2013) 82-96 - https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2013.01.06 15.bBlomqvist, K.; Levy, J. (2006) Collaboration capability – a focal concept in knowledge creation and collaborative innovation in networks - International Journal of Management Concepts and Philosophy 2:1 (2006) 31-48 - https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMCP.2006.009645 16. Davenport, T. H. (2005) Thinking for a Living: How to Get Better Performance and Results from Knowledge Workers. - Harvard Business School Press, (2005). 17. Oxford Advanced American Dictionary. Collaboration. - In: Oxford Learners Dictionaries. https://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition /american_english/collaboration#: :text=collaboration-, noun,that%20produced%20extremely%20useful%20results, accessed September 6, 2022 18. Patel, H.; Pettitt, M.; Wilson, J. R. (2012) Factors of collaborative working: A framework for a collaboration model - Applied Ergonomics 43(1) (2012) 1-26. - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2011.04.009 19. Keyton, J. (2017) Collaboration - In: C.R. Scott; J.R. Barker; T. Kuhn; J. Keyton; P.K. Turner; L.K. Lewis (eds) The International Encyclopedia of Organizational Communication. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118955567.wbieoc026 20. Pidel, C.; Ackermann, P. (2020) Collaboration in Virtual and Augmented Reality: A Systematic Overview. - In: De Paolis, L.; Bourdot, P. (eds) Augmented Reality, Virtual Reality, and Computer Graphics. AVR 2020. - Lecture Notes in Computer Science (2020), vol 12242. Springer, Cham. - https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58465-8_10. 21. Naik, N.; Kim, D. (2010) An Extended Adaptive Structuration Theory for the Determinants and Consequences of Virtual Team Success - ICIS 2010 Proceedings (2010) 22. Powell, A.; Piccoli, G.; Ives, B. (2004) Virtual Teams: A Review of Current Literature and Directions for Future Research - Database for Advances in Information Systems 35 (2004) 6-37. - https://doi.org/10.1145/968464.968467 23. Schiller, S. Z.; Mandviwalla, M. (2007) Virtual Team Research: An Analysis of Theory Use and a Framework for Theory Appropriation - Small Group Research 38(1), 12–59. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496406297035 24. Peper, E.; Wilson, V.; Martin, M.; Rosegard, E.; Harvey, R. (2021), “Avoid Zoom fatigue, be present and learn - NeuroRegulation 8(1), 47–56. https://doi.org/10.15540/nr.8.1.47 25. Bolisani, E.; Scarso, E.; Ipsen, C.; Kirchner, K.; Hansen, J. P. (2020), “Working from home during COVID-19 pandemic: lessons learned and issues - Management Marketing 15(s1), 458-476. https://doi.org/10.2478/mmcks-2020-0027 26. Bailenson, J.N. (2021) Nonverbal Overload: A Theoretical Argument for the Causes of Zoom Fatigue - Technology, Mind, and Behaviour 2(1) - https://doi.org/10.1037/tmb0000030 27. Schroeder, R. (2021), Zoom Fatigue: What we have learned Inside Higher Ed. - https://www.insidehighered.com/digital-learning/blogs/online-trending- now/Zoom-fatigue-what-we-have-learned 28. Reynard, G.; Benford, S. (1996) Vivid: A Symbiosis between Virtual Reality and Video Conferencing - UKERNA Video Conferencing workshop May 1996, Nottingham University, 101–113. 29. Tham, J.; Duin, A. H.; Gee, L.; Ernst, N.; Abdelqader, B.; McGrath, M. (2018) Understanding Virtual Reality: Presence, Embodiment, and Professional Practice - IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 61(2), 178-195, June 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2018.28042 30. Tussyadiah, I. P.; Wang, D.; Jung, T. H.; tom Dieck, M. C. (2018) Virtual reality, presence, and attitude change: Empirical evidence from tourism - Tourism Management 66, 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.12.003 31. Lorenz, M.; Brade, J.; Diamond, L.; Sjölie, D.; Busch, M.; Tscheligi, M.; Klimant, P.; Heyde, C.-E.; Hammer, N. (2018) Presence and User Experience in a Virtual Environment under the Influence of Ethanol: An Explorative Study - Sci Rep 8, 6407. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-24453-5 32. Weech, S.; Kenny, S.; Barnett-Cowan, M. (2019) Presence and Cybersickness in Virtual Reality Are Negatively Related: A Review - Frontiers in Psychology 10 (2019) - https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00158 33. Tcha-Tokey, K.; Christmann, O.; Loup-Escande, E.; Loup G.; Richir, S. (2018) Towards a Model of User Experience in Immersive Virtual Environments - Advances in Human-Computer Interaction (2018) 7827286 - https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/7827286 34. Witmer, B. G.; Singer, K.J. (1998) Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire - Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 7 (3) (1998) 225–240 - https://doi.org/10.1162/105474698565686 35. Casanueva, J.; Blake, E. (2000) The effects of group collaboration on presence in a collaborative virtual environment. 36. Sallnäs, E. l. (2005) Effects of Communication Mode on Social Presence, Virtual Presence, and Performance in Collaborative Virtual Environments - Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 14 (4) (2005) 434–449 - https://doi.org/10.1162/105474605774785253 37. Microsoft Inc. (2021). AltspaceVR [VR application]. Redmond, WA. Microsoft Corporation - https://altvr.com 38. Batterii [web application]. (2021) - https://batterii.com 39. Counterpoint Research. (September 19, 2022). Extended reality (XR) headset shipment share worldwide from 1st quarter 2020 to 2nd quarter 2022, by brand - Statista October 17, 2022 - https://www-statista-com/statistics/1222146/xr-headset-shipment-share-worldwide-by-brand/ 40. Tan, B. C. Y.; Kwok-Kee Wei; Huang, W. W.; Guet-Ngoh Ng (2000) A dialogue technique to enhance electronic communication in virtual teams - IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication 43 (2) (2000) 153-165 - doi: 10.1109/47.843643. 41. VRcompare (October 11, 2022) Comparison of virtual reality (VR) headsets worldwide in 2022, by weight (in grams) - Statista October 21, 2022 - https://www-statista-com/statistics/1337114/vr-headset-comparison-by-weight/ 42. Uliano, K. C.; Kennedy, R. S.; Lambert, E. Y. (1986) Asynchronous Visual Delays and the Development of Simulator Sickness - Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 30(5) (1986) 422–426 - https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128603000502 43. Slater, M. (2018) Immersion and the illusion of presence in virtual reality. - Br J Psychol 109 (2018) 431–433 - https://doi.org/10.1111/bjop.12305 44. De Leo, G.; Diggs, L.A.; Radici, E.; Mastaglio, T.W. (2014) Measuring Sense of Presence and User Characteristics to Predict Effective Training in an Online Simulated Virtual Environment - Simulation in Healthcare 9 (2014) 1–6. - https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0b013e3182a99dd9 45. Dey, A.; Barde, A.; Yuan, B.; Sareen, E.; Dobbins, C.; Goh, A.; Gupta, G.; Gupta, A.; Billinghurst, M. (2022) Effects of interacting with facial expressions and controllers in different virtual environments on presence, usability, affect, and neurophysiological signals. - International Journal of Human-Computer Studies 160 (2022) 102762 - https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2021.102762 46. DiMaggio, P.; Hargittai, E.; Neuman, W.R.; Robinson, J.P. (2001) Social Implications of the Internet - Annual Review of Sociology 27 (2001) 307 - https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.307 |